Blood pH and brain uptake of 14C-morphine.

14C-Morphine was injected iv in control awake rats or in rats subjected to metabolic alkalosis or acidosis. Ten minutes later, radioactivity was determined within each of seven brain regions, after correction was made for intravascular tracer. In each region, parenchymal radioactivity was correlated positively and significantly (P less than 0.05) with arterial blood pH. Brain radioactivity was twofold to threefold greater in alkalotic rats (mean pH = 7.62) than in acidotic rats (mean pH = 7.16). The results are consistent with the pH-partition hypothesis for drug entry into the brain and indicate that morphine uptake can be increased by elevating the fraction of lipid-soluble uncharged morphine base in blood, by means of alkalosis. The observations may account for an exaggerated morphine-induced analgesia in alkalotic patients.