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Factors that influence microbial contamination of fluids associated with hemodialysis machines.
- Source :
-
Applied microbiology [Appl Microbiol] 1974 Nov; Vol. 28 (5), pp. 822-30. - Publication Year :
- 1974
-
Abstract
- Studies were conducted on the microbiological quality of fluids associated with different types of dialysis systems located in six dialysis centers and 14 homes. Included were (i) single-pass systems employing either parallel flow (Kiil or Gambro) or capillary cartridge dialyzers and (ii) recirculating single-pass and batch recirculating systems using coil dialyzers. Microbiological assays were performed on the water used to prepare dialysis fluid, the concentrated dialysate, and either pre- and postdialyzer dialysate (single-pass systems) or the dialysate contained in storage reservoirs and recirculating cannisters (recirculating systems). The levels of microbial contamination consisting of gram-negative bacteria were directly related to the type of dialysis system, method of water treatment, distribution system, and in some instances, the type of dialyzer. Recirculating single-pass and batch recirculating systems consistently contained significantly higher levels of contamination than single-pass systems. These results were directly related to the design of recirculating systems which permits carbon- and nitrogen-containing waste products dialyzed from the patient to accumulate, be used as nutrients by microorganisms, and subsequently allow for 2- to 4-log increases in contamination levels during a dialysis treatment. In contrast, levels of contamination in single-pass machines were related more to the quality of the water used to prepare dialysis fluid and the adequacy of cleaning and disinfection procedures than to the design of the system.
- Subjects :
- Acinetobacter isolation & purification
Alcaligenes isolation & purification
Cell Count
Escherichia coli isolation & purification
Hemodialysis, Home
Kidneys, Artificial
Micropore Filters
Moraxella isolation & purification
Pseudomonas isolation & purification
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification
United States
Xanthomonas isolation & purification
Bacteria isolation & purification
Renal Dialysis
Water Microbiology
Water Pollution
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0003-6919
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Applied microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 4216291
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1128/am.28.5.822-830.1974