One-step green synthesis durable flame-retardant, antibacterial and dyeable cellulose fabrics with a recyclable deep eutectic solvent.

The development of cellulose fabrics with good flame retardancy and durability has been a primary concern for in firefighting clothing. A recyclable ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) was used to prepare surface ammonium phosphate-modified cellulose fabrics (SACF). The incorporation of ammonium phosphate groups notably enhanced the durable flame retardancy of cellulose fabrics. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of SACF could reach 48 %, and remain at 33.5 % even after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). And the TDES can be recovered and reused for 5 cycles and the SACF still remains flame retardancy. It also exhibited excellent antibacterial properties (with an antibacterial rate of 99.79 % against E. coli) and dyeability with cationic dyes. Moreover, the flame-retardant of the SACF did not decrease after dyed and showed both condensed-phase and gas-phase flame-retardant mechanisms during combustion. This method for producing flame-retardant cellulose fabrics with recyclable TDES effectively reduces the use of chemical reagents and holds promise for application in eco-friendly manufacturing and firefighting garments.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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