Classification and prognostic evaluation of ameloblastoma using multiplanar CT imaging: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Ameloblastoma is the most prevalent odontogenic tumor of the jaw, with a significant recurrence rate. It was conventionally classified radiographically as unilocular or multilocular. As 3D images become more common, there is a need to reassess this classification. This study aimed to conduct a multi-planar assessment of ameloblastoma using CT images, reclassify the lesions based on locularity, and correlate the locularity with imaging characteristics and recurrence.
Methods: Panoramic radiographs and CT images of histopathologically confirmed 255 ameloblastoma patients were included. The analysis encompassed imaging features including locularity, expansion, thinning, cortical perforation, and root resorption. Image characteristics associated with recurrence rate were examined, and image features were assessed based on locularity.
Results: On panoramic radiographs, most ameloblastomas (68.6%) were classified as multilocular, while 31.4% were unilocular. The CT scan demonstrated that 46.3% of the ameloblastomas were pseudo-multilocular, 29.4% were unilocular, and 24.3% were multilocular. Multilocular cases on panoramic radiographs often appeared as pseudo-multilocular on CT. Cortical perforation, root resorption, and size were significantly correlated with CT locularity types (p < 0.05). The recurrence rate was 14.11%, and the risk of recurrence was substantially reduced by mandibulectomy and a larger tumor size. No other variables were significantly related to recurrence.
Conclusion: An accurate diagnosis of ameloblastoma and surgical planning to reduce the recurrence rate are contingent upon the use of three-dimensional imaging modalities, such as CT.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the World Medical Association Helsinki Declaration for Biomedical Research involving Human Subjects and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (IRB050/03–19). Written or verbal informed consent was not obtained from any participants because the Institutional Review Board, waived the need for individual informed consent because this study had a non-interventional retrospective design and all data were analyzed anonymously. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)