Perceived Effectiveness and Utilization of Health Promotion Initiatives in Saudi Arabia: Insights and Recommendations.

Background/Objectives: Numerous national programs have been launched to enhance public health in Saudi Arabia, primarily aiming to promote healthy lifestyles through regular physical activity and a balanced diet. However, there is a lack of studies assessing the effectiveness and utilization of these initiatives. This study aimed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness and utilization of health promotion initiatives and identify the associated factors. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (aged > 18 years) in Saudi Arabia using an online questionnaire through a convenient sampling approach. The questionnaire comprised three sections: sociodemographic data, medical history, and health promotion initiatives. An adjusted analysis was conducted using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Results: A total of 999 participants completed the survey. Walking paths emerged as the most perceived effective initiative, while labeled caloric menus were the most utilized. Perceptions of walking paths varied by age and health status; individuals aged 25-44 and lower-income groups viewed them less favorably. In contrast, those in good health found them more effective. Perceptions of calorie-related information on menus differed according to health status. Saudis perceived taxes on soft drinks less favorably than non-Saudis. Regionally, the western region favored fresh juice options compared to the East. The utilization of walking paths was higher among married individuals and those without chronic conditions, while the consumption of soft drinks was significant among younger and extremely obese individuals. Conclusions: The study revealed diverse perceptions and utilization patterns regarding health promotion initiatives among various demographic and socioeconomic groups, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to enhance their effectiveness across populations.