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Neurobiological Correlates of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: Remodelling and Plasticity of Nociceptive and Autonomic Innervations in Synovial Joints.
- Source :
-
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry [Neuroscientist] 2024 Dec 12, pp. 10738584241293049. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 12. - Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- Ahead of Print
-
Abstract
- Swelling, stiffness, and pain in synovial joints are primary hallmarks of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hyperactivity of nociceptors and excessive release of inflammatory factors and pain mediators play a crucial role, with emerging data suggesting extensive remodelling and plasticity of joint innervations. Herein, we review structural, functional, and molecular alterations in sensory and autonomic axons wiring arthritic joints and revisit mechanisms implicated in the sensitization of nociceptors, leading to chronic pain. Sprouting and reorganization of sensory and autonomic fibers with the invasion of ectopic branches into surrounding inflamed tissues are associated with the upregulation of pain markers. These changes are frequently complemented by a phenotypic switch of sensory and autonomic profiles and activation of silent axons, inferring homeostatic adjustments and reprogramming of innervations. Identifying critical molecular players and neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the rewiring and sensitization of joints is likely to elucidate causatives of neuroinflammation and chronic pain, assisting in finding new therapeutic targets and opportunities for interventions.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1089-4098
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39668598
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584241293049