Cervical spine injuries in professional judo: a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence, risk factors, and preventive measures.

Introduction: Judo, a martial art created by Jigoro Kano in 1882, is a martial art promoting physical and spiritual development. Despite its "gentle way" philosophy, it poses a significant risk for cervical spine injuries, often resulting from throws and ground techniques.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed cervical injuries among professional judo athletes from January to July 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire covering demographics, injury details, circumstances, and prevention. The study included athletes from seven countries, with exclusion criteria being pre-existing non-judo-related cervical conditions and incomplete questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using RStudio 4.4.0.
Results: Of the 104 participants, 42 athletes reported cervical injuries, primarily during practice and linked to high-risk techniques like uchi-mata and ippon-seoi-nage. Defensive maneuvers, especially involving the "head dive," were significant risk factors. Injuries ranged from contusions to disc herniations and fractures, with symptoms like pain, numbness, and weakness. Most athletes received physical therapy, though some required surgery. Preventive measures were inconsistently applied, despite advice from coaches and physical therapists.
Conclusion: Cervical spine injuries in judo are common, especially during defensive maneuvers and specific high-risk techniques. The variability in treatment outcomes underscores the need for better prevention strategies, education, and tailored training. Further research is essential to mitigate injury risks for judo athletes.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee through Plataforma Brasil, a national online system for submitting and monitoring research involving human subjects, as per Brazilian ethical regulations. The approval was granted under the Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Consideration (CAAE): 80173124.4.0000.0081. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants adhered to the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)