Biosynthesis of Tetramate Derivatives in Penicillium crustosum Reveals the Involvement of ortho -Quinone Methide in Crosstalk of Multiple Pathways.

Genome mining and gene deletion experiments in Penicillium crustosum proved the involvement of the PKS-NRPS PemA and the trans -enoyl reductase PemB in the formation of three enantiomeric clavatol-containing tetramate pairs. Overexpression of a transcription factor significantly improved the product yields. Feeding experiments provided evidence for their formation via 1,4-Michael addition of hydroxyclavatol to two tetramates from the Pem pathway. This study provides another example of the involvement of reactive intermediates in multiple biosynthetic pathways.