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Distinct Requirements for CD4 + T Cell Help for Immune Responses Induced by mRNA and Adenovirus-Vector SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.
- Source :
-
European journal of immunology [Eur J Immunol] 2025 Jan; Vol. 55 (1), pp. e202451142. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 27. - Publication Year :
- 2025
-
Abstract
- CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells have been established as central orchestrators of cellular and humoral immune responses to infection or vaccination. However, the need for CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell help to generate primary CD8 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell responses is variable depending on the infectious agent or vaccine and yet consistently required for the recall of CD8 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell memory responses or antibody responses. Given the deployment of new vaccine platforms such as nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines, we sought to elucidate the requirement for CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell help in the induction of cellular and antibody responses to mRNA and adenovirus (Ad)-vectored vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Using antibody-mediated depletion of CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells in a mouse immunization model, we observed that CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell help was dispensable for both primary and secondary CD8 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell responses to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines but required for the AZD1222 Ad-vectored vaccine. Nonetheless, CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell help was needed by both mRNA and Ad-vectored vaccine platforms for the generation of antibodies, demonstrating the centrality of CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells in vaccine-induced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, this highlights the shared and distinct regulation of humoral and cellular responses induced by these vaccine platforms.<br /> (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Mice
Antibodies, Viral immunology
Antibodies, Viral blood
Humans
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Female
Genetic Vectors immunology
mRNA Vaccines immunology
Immunity, Humoral immunology
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
COVID-19 prevention & control
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 immunology
Adenoviridae immunology
Adenoviridae genetics
BNT162 Vaccine immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1521-4141
- Volume :
- 55
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39604225
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202451142