Back to Search Start Over

The emerging roles of neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota.

Authors :
Dezfouli MA
Rashidi SK
Yazdanfar N
Khalili H
Goudarzi M
Saadi A
Kiani Deh Kiani A
Source :
Molecular biology reports [Mol Biol Rep] 2024 Nov 21; Vol. 52 (1), pp. 1. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 21.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Background: As a multifunctional ecosystem, the human digestive system contains a complex network of microorganisms, collectively known as gut microbiota. This consortium composed of more than 10 <superscript>13</superscript> microorganisms and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant microbes. Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for its critical role in physiological processes beyond digestion. Gut microbiota participates in a symbiotic relationship with the host and takes advantage of intestinal nutrients and mutually participates in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and maintaining intestinal functions.<br />Method and Result: We reviewed the neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota. Interestingly, microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of the intestinal lymphatic system, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintaining the tolerance to food immunostimulating molecules. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication pathway that links the gut microbiota to the central nervous system (CNS) and importantly is involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, emotion and synaptic transmissions. The connections between gut microbiota and CNS are via endocrine system, immune system and vagus nerve.<br />Conclusion: The gut microbiota produces common neurotransmitters and neuromodulators of the nervous system. These compounds play a role in neuronal functions, immune system regulation, gastrointestinal homeostasis, permeability of the blood brain barrier and other physiological processes. This review investigates the essential aspects of the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators produced by gut microbiota and their implications in health and disease.<br />Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not applicable.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1573-4978
Volume :
52
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Molecular biology reports
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
39570444
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-10097-4