Growth Hormone Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure (HF) primarily targets neurohormonal activation. However, growth hormone (GH) has emerged as a potential treatment for the multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome, which is associated with worse outcomes in HF.
Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of GH therapy in HF.
Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, according to PRISMA guidelines.
Study Selection: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials studying GH therapy in adult HF patients were included. Of the 1,184 initially identified records, 17 studies (1.4%) met the inclusion criteria.
Data Extraction: Two independent authors conducted the search, with any disagreements resolved by a third author. Study quality was assessed using predefined criteria, including randomization, blinding, and the presence of a placebo group.
Data Synthesis: A random-effects model was applied due to heterogeneity across studies. GH therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (3.34%, 95% CI: 1.09% to 5.59%, p=0.0037), peak oxygen consumption (2.84 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 1.32 mL/kg/min to 4.36 mL/kg/min, p=0.0002), and New York Heart Association class (-0.44, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.81, p=0.023). GH therapy also reduced the composite of death, worsening HF or ventricular tachycardia by 41% (95% CI: 0.39-0.90, p=0.013). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, baseline ejection fraction ≥30% and longer treatment duration experienced greater benefits.
Conclusions: GH therapy may improve cardiac function, exercise capacity, and HF symptoms, with a trend towards improvement in hard endpoints, such as worsening HF. Event-driven trials are necessary to validate these findings.
(© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)