How to define parenteral nutrition.

Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The GUTPHOS study was primarily approved by the University of Tartu Ethics Committee on May 29th, 2023 (approval number 377/T-15), and each participating site obtained local ethics committee approval according to local site country and institutional regulations. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests ARB received a consultancy fee from VIPUN Medical and is holding a grant from the Estonian Research Council (PRG1255). MMB received lecture honoraria from Baxter, Fresenius Kabi and Nestlé Health Int. SJS received grants and non-financial support from Reactive Robotics GmbH (Munich, Germany), ASP GmbH (Attendorn, Germany), STIMIT AG (Biel, Switzerland), ESICM (Geneva, Switzerland), grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH (Bad Homburg, Germany), grants from the Innovationsfond of The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), personal fees from Springer Verlag GmbH (Vienna, Austria) for educational purposes and Advanz Pharma GmbH (Bielefeld, Germany), non-financial support from national and international societies (and their congress organisers) in the field of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, outside the submitted work. SJS holds stocks in small amounts from Alphabet Inc., Bayer AG, and Siemens AG; these holdings have not affected any decisions regarding his research or this study. MLNGM is member of the medical advisory Board of Pulsion Medical Systems (now fully part of Getinge group), Sentinel Medical and Baxter. He consults for BBraun, Becton Dickinson, Spiegelberg, Medtronic, MedCaptain, and Holtech Medical, and received speaker's fees from PeerVoice. He holds stock options for Sentinel, Serenno and Potrero. AvZ reported receiving honoraria for advisory board meetings, lectures, research, and travel expenses from AOP Pharma, Abbott, Baxter, Cardinal Health, Danone-Nutricia, DIM3, Dutch Medical Food, Fresenius Kabi, GE Healthcare, InBody, Mermaid, Rousselot, and Lyric. MPC and JG receive a senior clinical investigator fellowship funded by Research Foundation-Flanders. AC, YA, JS, MSR, MP and IWKK report no conflicts of interest.