Gain of bipolar disorder-related lncRNA AP1AR-DT in mice induces depressive and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Negr1-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission.

Background: Bipolar disorder is a complex polygenic disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania, the heterogeneity of which is likely complicated by epigenetic modifications that remain to be elucidated.
Methods: We performed transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood RNA from monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for bipolar disorder to identify disease-associated differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs), which were further validated in the PsychENCODE brain RNA-seq dataset. We then performed behavioral tests, electrophysiological assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and PCR to investigate the function of DE-lncRNAs in the mouse and cell models. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 9.0 or SPSS.
Results: We identified a bipolar disorder-associated upregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), AP1AR-DT. We observed that overexpression of AP1AR-DT in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) resulted in a reduction of both the total spine density and the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) frequency of mPFC neurons as well as depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. A combination of the results of brain transcriptome analysis of AP1AR-DT overexpressing mice brains with the known genes associated with bipolar disorder revealed that NEGR1, which encodes neuronal growth regulator 1, is one of the AP1AR-DT targets and is reduced in vivo upon gain of AP1AR-DT in mice. We further demonstrated that overexpression of recombinant Negr1 in the mPFC neurons of AP1AR-DT _OE mice ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and normalizes the reduced excitatory synaptic transmission induced by the gain of AP1AR-DT. We finally identified that AP1AR-DT reduces NEGR1 expression by competing for the transcriptional activator NRF1 in the overlapping binding site of the NEGR1 promoter region.
Conclusions: The epigenetic and pathophysiological mechanism linking AP1AR-DT to the modulation of depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and excitatory synaptic function provides etiological implications for bipolar disorder.
Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All participants in this study provided informed consent prior to the study following presentation of the nature of the procedures. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University (#2022-KY-086) and the third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan (SSYLL20210301). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)