The role of sodium in the electrochemical tuning of Li 2 TiSiO 5 anodes across ceramic and glass phases.

This study investigates the enhancement of Li ₂ TiSiO ₅ anode material through Na doping via two routes: melt-quenching (route I) and subsequent heat treatment (route II). A 5 % Na-doped ceramic sample significantly improves Li-ion mobility and discharge capacity (215 mA h g ^-1  at 10 mA g ^-1 ), sustaining 45 mA h g ^-1  at a high rate of 1 A g ^-1 . However, higher doping levels hinder performance, indicating Li-ion path obstruction and non-conductive impurities. Intriguingly, undoped Li ₂ TiSiO ₅ glass exhibits superior electrochemical performance, with a discharge capacity of 340 mA h g ^-1  at 10 mA g ^-1 and high-rate endurance (81 mA h g ^-1  at 1 A g ^-1 ). This research provides insights into phase-dependent optimization, highlighting the glass phase's inherent benefits for Li-ion diffusion. It addresses a significant research gap, offering critical understanding for advancing high-energy-density anode materials in next-generation batteries.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2024 The Authors.)