Urinary tract infections and associated factors among patients with an enlarged prostate at a tertiary hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The objectives are to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and associated factors among patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Settings: Urology clinic and urology ward at Muhimbili National Hospital, which is the main tertiary hospital in Tanzania's largest city.
Participants: Patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer presenting with genitourinary symptoms.
Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was the occurrence of UTI and factors associated with UTI in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Results: 402 participants were enrolled, with a median age of 68 years and IQR of 61-75 years. The proportion of UTI was 46.5% (95% CI 41.56% to 51.53%). UTI was more prevalent among inpatients, patients with indwelling urinary catheters, patients with prostate size>80 cm ³ and those with residual urine volume of >100 mL. In multivariate analysis, age>60 years (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.0, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.55, p=0.018), post-void residual urine volume>100 mL (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.59 p=0.001), patient with incomplete bladder emptying (aOR=2.57, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.59, p=0.001) and prolonged catheter duration (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38, p=0.005) were significantly associated with UTI.
Conclusion: Almost half of the patients with an enlarged prostate and genitourinary symptoms had a laboratory-confirmed UTI. The risk of UTI increases with age, incomplete bladder emptying and increased duration of catheterisation. A 1-day increase in the duration of catheterisation increased the risk of UTI by 24%.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
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