Deep learning-powered efficient characterization and quantification of microplastics.

Characterizing and quantifying microplastics (MPs) are time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks traditionally. This paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI) framework aiming to automate these tasks by integrating computer vision and deep learning techniques. The approach leverages Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and visual images. Primary novelties of this research involve the development of: (1) an AI framework integrating efforts of data processing, analytics, visualization, and human-computer interaction; (2) a method for transforming FTIR data into contour images; (3) data augmentation strategies for resolving data scarcity and imbalance issues; (4) deep learning models for identifying MPs; (5) computer vision algorithms for quantifying MPs; and (6) an engineer-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) for enhancing data accessibility. The AI framework has been applied to polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, ethylene-vinyl acetate, and cellulose acetate. Results confirmed the efficacy of the framework, exhibiting high accuracy scores in classification (98 %), segmentation (99 %), and quantification (96 %) tasks. This research advances the capability of automatic assessment of MPs.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yi Bao received funding from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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