3-D Visualization of Atlantic salmon skin through Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Microscopy.

Significance: Three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging (PAM) has emerged as a promising technique for non-invasive label-free visualization and characterization of biological tissues with high spatial resolution and functional contrast.
Aim: The application of PAM and ultrasound as a microscopy technique of study for Atlantic salmon skin is presented here.
Approach: A custom ultrasound and photoacoustic experimental setup was used for conducting this experiment with a sample preparation method where the salmon skin is embedded in agarose and lifted from the bottom of the petridish.
Results: The results of C-scan, B-scan, and overlayed images of ultrasound and photoacoustic are presented. The results are then analyzed for understanding the pigment map and its relation to salmon behavior to external stimuli. The photoacoustic images are compared with the optical images and analyzed further. A custom colormap and alpha map is designed and the matrices responsible for PAM and ultrasound are inserted together to overlay the ultrasound image and PAM image on top of each other.
Conclusions: In this study, we propose an approach that combines scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) images with PAM images for providing a comprehensive understanding of the salmon skin tissue. Overlaying acoustic and photoacoustic images enabled unique visualization of tissue morphology, with respect to identification of structural features in the context of their pigment distribution.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Ranjan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)