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Delivery of Avocado Seed Extract Using Novel Charge-Switchable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Galactose Surface Modified to Target Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Source :
-
International journal of nanomedicine [Int J Nanomedicine] 2024 Oct 14; Vol. 19, pp. 10341-10365. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 14 (Print Publication: 2024). - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Background: Sorafenib-resistant (SR) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a current serious problem in liver cancer treatment. Numerous phytochemicals derived from plants exhibit anticancer activity but have never been tested against drug-resistant cells.<br />Methods: Avocado seed extract (APE) isolated by maceration was analysed for its phytochemical composition and anticancer activity. Novel design charge-switchable pH-responsive nanocarriers of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with conjugated galactose (GMSN) were synthesised for delivering APE and their physicochemical properties were characterized. The drug loading efficiency (%LE) and entrapment efficiency (%EE) were evaluated. Anticancer activity of APE loaded GMSN was measured against HCC (HepG2, Huh-7) and SR-HCC (SR-HepG2).<br />Results: Anticancer activity of APE against non-resistant HepG2 (IC <subscript>50</subscript> 50.9 ± 0.83 μg mL <superscript>-1</superscript> ), Huh-7 (IC <subscript>50</subscript> 42.41 ± 1.88 μg mL <superscript>-1</superscript> ), and SR-HepG2 (IC <subscript>50</subscript> 62.58 ± 2.29 μg mL <superscript>-1</superscript> ) cells was confirmed. The APE loaded GMSN had a diameter of 131.41 ± 14.41 nm with 41.08 ± 2.09%LE and 44.96 ± 2.26%EE. Galactose functionalization (55%) did not perturb the original mesoporous structure. The GMSN imparted positive surface charges, 10.3 ± 0.61mV at acidic medium pH 5.5 along with rapid release of APE 45% in 2 h. The GMSN boosted cellular uptake by HepG2 and SR-HepG2 cells, whereas the amine functionalized facilitated their endosomal escape. Their anticancer activity was demonstrated in non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC cells with IC <subscript>50</subscript> values at 30.73 ± 3.14 (HepG2), 21.86 ± 0.83 (Huh-7), 35.64 ± 1.34 (SR-HepG2) μg mL <superscript>-1</superscript> , respectively, in comparison to the control and non-encapsulated APE.<br />Conclusion: APE loaded GMSN is highly effective against both non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC and warrants further in vivo investigation.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests over the publication of this manuscript.<br /> (© 2024 Basu et al.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Hep G2 Cells
Porosity
Cell Line, Tumor
Drug Carriers chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents chemistry
Cell Survival drug effects
Persea chemistry
Galactose chemistry
Silicon Dioxide chemistry
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular drug therapy
Liver Neoplasms drug therapy
Sorafenib pharmacology
Sorafenib chemistry
Sorafenib pharmacokinetics
Nanoparticles chemistry
Plant Extracts chemistry
Plant Extracts pharmacology
Plant Extracts administration & dosage
Seeds chemistry
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1178-2013
- Volume :
- 19
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of nanomedicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39430309
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S478574