Long-term analysis of infections and associated risk factors in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: pooled analysis of 13 interventional clinical trials.

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have an increased risk of infections.
Objectives: To characterize incidence, clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors of infections, and serious infections (SIs) in ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated PwMS.
Design: Post-hoc analysis of pooled data from 6155 patients in 13 clinical trials.
Methods: Descriptive analyses of clinical characteristics and outcomes were reported over ⩽14 years. A Poisson Generalized Estimating Equation model was constructed to examine risk factors in a subgroup of patients with longer exposure to OCR ( n  = 2092).
Results: Over a median (max) treatment period of 3.7 (13.9) years, 420/6155 patients (6.8%) experienced 583 SIs, excluding coronavirus disease 2019. Incidence rates in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS; 1.50 per 100 patient years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-1.68]) and progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS; 3.70 [95% CI: 3.27-4.17]) remained stable over this period. Lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, abdominal and gastrointestinal, and skin infections were the most commonly reported SIs. Most SIs (~90%) resolved, and treatment with OCR was continued in >80% of cases. The presence of 1 or ⩾2 comorbidities (rate ratio = 1.66, 2.73, respectively), recent relapse activity (2.06), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ⩾6.0 (2.02) were significant risk factors for SIs in patients with RMS treated over a median (max) period of 8.3 (11.2) years. In patients with primary PMS treated over a median (max) period of 7.1 (11.8) years, an EDSS score ⩾6.0 was associated with the greatest risk of SIs, a 4-fold increase (rate ratio, 4.31), followed by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig)M levels (1.89), the presence of ⩾2 comorbidities (1.80), and having overweight/obesity (1.46). Time on OCR and abnormal IgG levels were not significantly associated with an increased SI risk.
Conclusion: Continuous long-term treatment with OCR is associated with a manageable infection risk profile. Optimal disease control and addressing modifiable risk factors may reduce the risk of infections.
(© The Author(s), 2024.)