Bronchial Atresia with Eisenmenger Syndrome in a Complex Congenital Heart Disease-A Rare Coexistence: A Case Report.

Background: Congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) is a relatively benign and uncommon pulmonary anomaly that is usually an incidental radiological finding. Bronchial atresia may also be acquired. Its association with pulmonary vascular anomalies and congenital heart disease (CHD) has been described in literature as a handful of case reports only.
Case Description: We report a case of a 26-year-old female having a rare coexistence of bronchial atresia with a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and a small atrial septal defect (ASD), and had Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) at the time of presentation. PDA itself causes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) if not corrected early within a few months of infancy. On the contrary, CBA can also lead to PAH and along with PDA may have contributed to the development of ES in our case.
Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and treatment of CBA and its associated CHD may prevent or delay the complications occurring later on.
(© Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2024.)