Perforin-2 is dispensable for host defense against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans .

Myeloid phagocytes are essential for antifungal immunity against pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus and systemic Candida albicans infections. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal clearance by phagocytes remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of perforin-2 ( Mpeg1 ) in antifungal immunity. We found that Mpeg1 ^-/- mice generated on a mixed C57BL/6J-DBA/2 background exhibited enhanced survival, reduced lung fungal burden, and greater neutrophil fungal killing activity compared to wild-type C57BL/6J (B6) mice, suggesting that perforin-2 may impair antifungal immune responses. However, when we compared Mpeg1 ^-/- mice with co-housed Mpeg ^+/+ littermate controls, these differences were no longer observed, indicating that initial findings were likely influenced by differences in the murine genetic background or the microbiota composition. Furthermore, perforin-2 was dispensable for antifungal immunity during C. albicans bloodstream infection. These results suggest that perforin-2 is not essential for host defense against fungal infections in otherwise immune competent mice and highlight the importance of generating co-housed littermate controls to minimize murine genetic and microbiota-related factors in studies of host defense mechanisms.