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Measurement and health risks assessment of BTEX compounds exposure in beauty Lahijan City salons.
- Source :
-
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Oct 09; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 23515. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 09. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- The presence of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene) compounds in beauty salons has raised concerns about potential health risks. This study aimed to measure the levels of BTEX compounds in the air of beauty salons in Lahijan, Iran and assess the associated health risks. Air samples were collected from 15 beauty salons, and the concentrations of BTEX compounds were measured according to 1501 NIOSH standard method. The results showed that the mean concentrations of benzene (20.62 µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> ), toluene (18.3 µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> ), ethylbenzene (38.36 µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> ), and O and P-xylene (27.35, 23.6 µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> ) were above the recommended levels. The indoor to outdoor ratios for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, O and P-xylene were 3.04, 2.36, 3.75, 4.89, and 6.54, respectively. Also, the toluene/benzene (T/B) ratio in indoor and outdoor was 20.9 and 2.68 respectively. Almost half of the technicians (49.12%) reported adverse health effects, including joint pain, itchy eyes and nose, and respiratory allergies. The IARC guideline suggests that there is a potential risk of cancer development for individuals in all salons with LCR values exceeding 10 <superscript>-6</superscript> , but the HQ index values indicate no non-carcinogenic risk. The findings suggest that beauty salon workers and customers are at risk of developing health problems from exposure to BTEX compounds. Effective risk management strategies, such as proper ventilation, use of personal protective equipment, and substitution of harmful chemicals with safer alternatives, to minimize exposure and protect the health of salon workers and customers recommended.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Risk Assessment
Iran
Benzene analysis
Benzene toxicity
Benzene adverse effects
Female
Adult
Air Pollution, Indoor analysis
Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects
Environmental Monitoring
Male
Beauty
Middle Aged
Air Pollutants, Occupational analysis
Air Pollutants, Occupational adverse effects
Air Pollutants, Occupational toxicity
Benzene Derivatives analysis
Benzene Derivatives adverse effects
Toluene analysis
Toluene adverse effects
Xylenes analysis
Xylenes toxicity
Xylenes adverse effects
Occupational Exposure adverse effects
Occupational Exposure analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2045-2322
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Scientific reports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39384942
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74857-9