Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of promethazine on bacterial isolates from canine otitis externa: an in vitro study.

Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease of the external ear canal of complex and multifactorial etiology associated with recurrent bacterial infection. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of promethazine against bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa, as well as the effect of this compound on the dynamics of biofilm formation over 120 h. Planktonic bacterial susceptibility to promethazine was evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was also determined by broth microdilution. To evaluate the effect on biofilm growth, promethazine was tested at three concentrations MIC, MIC/2 and MIC/8, with daily readings at 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The MICs of promethazine ranged from 48.83 to 781.25 μg mL ^-1 . Promethazine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mature biofilm biomass, with MBECs ranging from 48.8 to 6250 μg mL ^-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) biofilm formation for up to the 120-h, at concentrations corresponding to the MIC obtained against each isolate. Promethazine was effective against microorganisms associated with canine otitis externa. The data suggest that promethazine presents antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and is a potential alternative to treat and prevent recurrent bacterial otitis in dogs. These results emphasize the importance of drug repurposing in veterinary otology as an alternative to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Debora Castelo-Branco reports financial support was provided by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Jose Sidrim reports financial support was provided by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. None to declare. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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