Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in a Pediatric Patient Presenting With Hemoptysis.

This case report discusses a rare pediatric case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with hemoptysis, migratory polyarthralgia, significant laboratory abnormalities, and imaging findings. GPA is a form of vasculitis that primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Pediatric cases, though rare, offer a distinct set of clinical challenges. The patient presented to the emergency department with hemoptysis, joint pain, and cough. Radiologic findings included diffuse bilateral nodular airspace opacities on chest X-ray (CXR) and ground glass opacities on computed tomography (CT). After hospital admission, the patient's bronchoscopy suggested diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Laboratory tests were positive for proteinase 3 (PR3), indicating a possible diagnosis of GPA. Further tests, consultations, and evaluations corroborated this diagnosis. Treatment administered included high-dose intravenous steroids, rituximab, and other supportive measures. Pediatric GPA, while rare, is a challenging diagnostic entity. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is pivotal for timely diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy.
Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
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