Selection of Reference Genes of Flower Development in Ludisia discolor .

Background: RT-qPCR is a powerful strategy for recognizing the most appropriate reference genes, which can successfully minimize experimental mistakes through accurate normalization. Ludisia discolor , recognized for its ornamental value, features little, distinctive blossoms with twisted lips and gynostemium showing chiral asymmetry, together with striking blood-red fallen leaves periodically marked with golden blood vessels. Methods and Results: To ensure the accuracy of qRT-PCR, selecting appropriate reference genes for quantifying target gene expression levels is essential. This study aims to identify stable reference genes during the development of L. discolor . In this study, the entire floral buds, including the lips and gynostemium from different development stages, were taken as materials. Based upon the transcriptome information of L. discolor , nine housekeeping genes, ACT , HIS , EF1-α1 , EF1-α2 , PP2A , UBQ1 , UBQ2 , UBQ3 , and TUB , were selected in this research study as prospect interior referral genes. The expression of these nine genes were found by RT-qPCR and afterwards comprehensively examined by four software options: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt. The outcomes of the analysis showed that ACT was the most steady gene, which could be the most effective inner referral gene for the expression evaluation of flower advancement in L. discolor . Conclusions: The results of this study will contribute to the molecular biology research of flower development in L. discolor and closely related species.