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Remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soil via soil washing with various water-organic solvent.
- Source :
-
Journal of hazardous materials [J Hazard Mater] 2024 Sep 24; Vol. 480, pp. 135943. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 24. - Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- Ahead of Print
-
Abstract
- The feasibility of soil washing for remediating PFAS-contaminated clay soil using various water-organic solvents was systematically investigated based on the combination of batch and column tests. Batch tests using 22 types of solvents highlighted that 0 % (water) and 5 % solvents could effectively extract PFCAs (≤ C9), while long-chain PFCAs (≥ C10) and PFSAs required 80 % solvents for optimal extraction, with efficiency in the order of EtOH ≤ MeOH < Acetonitrile (ACN), suggesting a strong correlation with carbon chain lengths and functional head groups. Column tests with six selected washing solutions indicated rapid desorption of PFOA and PFOS initially, peaking at liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 3-4 for 0 % and 5 % solutions, and at an L/S ratio of 1 for 80 % solutions. To remediate 1 kg-dry soil to meet the legislatively permissible levels for groundwater in Japan (PFOA + PFOS < 50 ng/L), 11 L of 0 % solution (water) or 5 L of 80 % ACN are required for washing out PFOA, while 62 L of 0 % solution (water) or 53 L of 80 % ACN for PFOS. Future research should address the treatment of PFAS-rich wastewater generated from washing PFAS-contaminated soils and the impacts of washing solutions on soil.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-3336
- Volume :
- 480
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of hazardous materials
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39332255
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135943