[Sanguinarine induces ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating STUB1 and downregulating GPX4].

Objective: To investigate the effect of sanguinarine (SAN) on proliferation and ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells.
Methods: SW620 and HCT-116 cells treated with different concentrations of SAN were examined for cell viability changes using CCK8 assay to determine the IC ₅₀ of SAN in the two cells. The inhibitory effects of SAN on proliferation, invasion and migration of the cells were evaluated using colony-forming assay and Transwell assays. ROS production in the treated cells was analyzed with flow cytometry, and lipid peroxide production was assessed by detecting malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione (GSH) levels in the cells were detected, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins STUB1 and GPX4.
Results: SAN significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of SW620 and HCT-116 cells. SAN treatment significantly promoted ROS production, increased intracellular MDA level, and lowered GSH level in the two cells ( P <0.05). Western blotting showed that SAN significantly upregulated the expression of STUB1 and down-regulated the expression of its downstream protein GPX4 ( P <0.05).
Conclusion: SAN induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating STUB1/GPX4, which may serve as a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.