Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of a flavonoid-rich phytocomplex from the leaves of Celtis iguanaea (jacq.) Sargent (Cannabaceae).

We demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (EAECi) in mice. The in vitro antioxidant activity of EAECi and its phytoconstituents was also investigated. The antinociceptive effect of EAECi is attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by its anti-hyperalgesic and antiedematogenic effects. EAECi reduced polymorphonuclear cell migration, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and PGE ₂ levels. The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were increased compared to the vehicle-treated groups. The overall antioxidant capacity of EAECi is noteworthy, with the Electrochemical Index determined by Differential Pulse Voltammetry being 42.7 μA/V. Concurrently, Square Wave Voltammetry revealed the reversibility of the redox process ( Ep1a/Ep1c ) at 0.254 V. The presence of twenty-six phytochemicals, primarily flavone aglycones, was suggested by paper-spray mass spectrometry. These findings represent a step towards validating C. iguanaea leaf extract for treating acute inflammatory conditions.