The Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer.

Aim To examine the relationship between tumor differentiation, parametrial, and lymphovascular invasion, as well as the differential expression pattern of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and various forms of cervical cancer. Methods Histologically diagnosed cases of in-situ and malignant lesions of the cervix were included in the study. Two sections were cut from paraffin blocks. One section was stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for morphologic diagnosis, and the other sections were subjected to COX-2 immunohistochemical staining. Cases of colon carcinoma were taken as positive controls. Cytoplasmic and membrane staining of tumor cells were considered as positive staining, and grading was done. Results Out of the 62 patients, 40 cases (64.5%) showed positive expression of COX-2 in squamous cell carcinoma when compared to in-situ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. The results were statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.003. Conclusion COX-2 expression is directly proportional to the level of grading of the tumor. The higher the grading, the higher the expression of COX-2. Selective COX-2 inhibitors increase the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethical Committee, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre issued approval IEC/NO-09/2021. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
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