Enhancing Zn 2+ /H + Joint Charge Storage in MnO 2 : Concurrently Tailoring Mn's Local Electron Density and O's p-Band Center.

Enhancing proton storage in the zinc-ion battery cathode material of MnO ₂ holds promise in promoting its electrochemical performance by mitigating the intense Coulombic interaction between divalent zinc ions and the host structure. However, challenges persist in addressing the structural instability caused by Jahn-Teller effects and accurately modulating H ⁺ intercalation in MnO ₂ . Herein, the doping of high-electronegativity Sb with fully occupied d-orbital in MnO ₂ is reported. The Sb doping strategy engenders the formation of Mn-O-Sb path in the structure with a strong dipole polarization field, which facilitates the delocalization of e _g orbital electron in Mn and thus mitigates the Jahn-Teller effects. Simultaneously, adjusting the level of Sb doping in MnO ₂ leads to modulation of the p-band center of O, optimizing its interaction with hydrogen and thereby enhancing proton storage. Consequently, MnO ₂ doped with 6% Sb exhibits commendable performance in both rate capability and cycling endurance, delivering 113 mAh g ^-1 at 2 A g ^-1 after 2000 cycles. This investigation underscores the crucial role of electronic structural engineering in elevating the electrochemical performance of cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries.