Effects of Teprotumumab and Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens Markers in Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of teprotumumab on ophthalmologic and biochemical findings and assess potential genetic markers for response to treatment.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. Participants were 18-76 year old. All subjects were treated with teprotumumab. The primary outcome was the change in proptosis before and after teprotumumab treatment. Secondary outcomes include change in other ophthalmic measures and thyroid laboratory tests. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) markers were analyzed for response to teprotumumab.
Results: Twenty-six patients were included in the final analysis. There was a significant decrease in thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels and significant increases in glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and total T3 levels. There was also significant reduction in proptosis, clinical activity score, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell analysis, and intraocular pressure. HLA haplotypes were distinct between responders and nonresponders, with HLA-DRB3 02:02:01G, HLA-DRB4 neg, and HLA-DQB1 02:01:01G demonstrating better response to teprotumumab and HLA-A 23:01:01G strongly correlating to nonresponse.
Conclusions: Patients with both acute and chronic thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab had a significant reduction in thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels and improvement in proptosis, clinical activity score, retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell analysis thickness, and intraocular pressure. HLA may predict responders vs nonresponders. Further studies with longer duration and larger population comparing teprotumumab with steroids or other immunomodulatory agents (tocilizumab, rituximab, etc) may be helpful.
Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The identification of specific products or scientific instrumentation is considered an integral part of the scientific endeavor and does not constitute endorsement or implied endorsement on the part of the author, DoD, or any component agency. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, nor the U.S. Government.
(Published by Elsevier Inc.)