The anti-COVID-19 drug nirmatrelvir crosses the blood‒brain barrier and exhibits herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with Scutellaria baicalensis formulations.

Aim of the Study: Our hypothesis is that nirmatrelvir can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier and reach effective concentrations in the brain. Furthermore, herbal formulations can help maintain nirmatrelvir levels in the body, suggesting potential interactions between these medications.
Materials and Methods: To investigate this hypothesis, an animal model combining multisite microdialysis, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods was developed to monitor nirmatrelvir levels in the blood and brain of rats.
Results: The pharmacokinetic results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain was 798.3 ± 58.56 and 187.2 ± 23.46 min μg/mL, respectively, after the administration of nirmatrelvir alone (15 mg/kg, iv). When the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations were administered for five consecutive days prior to drug administration, the AUC of nirmatrelvir in the blood increased.
Conclusions: These results provide constructive preclinical information that the concentrations of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain were greater than the effective concentration (EC ₉₀ ) for more than 6 h, and the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations had synergistic pharmacokinetic effects by increasing the concentration of nirmatrelvir in the blood.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2024 The Authors.)