Exosome-based nanoparticles and cancer immunotherapy.

Over the past decades, cancer immunotherapy has encountered challenges such as immunogenicity, inefficiency, and cytotoxicity. Consequently, exosome-based cancer immunotherapy has gained rapid traction as a promising alternative. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50 to 150 nm, are self-originating and exhibit fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. Exosome-based immunotherapy encompasses three significant areas: cancer vaccination, co-inhibitory checkpoints, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Each of these fields leverages the inherent advantages of exosomes, demonstrating substantial potential for individualized tumor therapy and precision medicine. This review aims to elucidate the reasons behind the promise of exosome-based nanoparticles as cancer therapies by examining their characteristics and summarizing the latest research advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Cancer immunotherapy has encountered numerous challenges over the past decades, including immunogenicity, inefficiency, and cytotoxicity. This review presents a novel solution for immunotherapy, introducing readers to the concept of exosomes, their potential in cancer therapy, as well as their advantages and limitations. Additionally, we summarize the latest advancements in exosome-based immunotherapy across three main fields: cancer vaccination, co-inhibitory checkpoints, and adoptive T-cell therapy, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)