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Nanovaccines: Immunogenic tumor antigens, targeted delivery, and combination therapy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
- Source :
-
Drug development research [Drug Dev Res] 2024 Aug; Vol. 85 (5), pp. e22244. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Nanovaccines have been designed to overcome the limitations associated with conventional vaccines. Effective delivery methods such as engineered carriers or smart nanoparticles (NPs) are critical requisites for inducing self-tolerance and optimizing vaccine immunogenicity with minimum side effects. NPs can be used as adjuvants, immunogens, or nanocarriers to develop nanovaccines for efficient antigen delivery. Multiloaded nanovaccines carrying multiple tumor antigens along with immunostimulants can effectively increase immunity against tumor cells. They can be biologically engineered to boost interactions with dendritic cells and to allow a gradual and constant antigen release. Modifying NPs surface properties, using high-density lipoprotein-mimicking nanodiscs, and developing nano-based artificial antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cell-derived-exosomes are amongst the new developed technologies to enhance antigen-presentation and immune reactions against tumor cells. The present review provides an overview on the different perspectives, improvements, and barriers of successful clinical application of current cancer therapeutic and vaccination options. The immunomodulatory effects of different types of nanovaccines and the nanoparticles incorporated into their structure are described. The advantages of using nanovaccines to prevent and treat common illnesses such as AIDS, malaria, cancer and tuberculosis are discussed. Further, potential paths to develop optimal cancer vaccines are described. Given the immunosuppressive characteristics of both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, applying immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other conventional anticancer therapies are necessary to boost the effectiveness of the immune response.<br /> (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Animals
Combined Modality Therapy
Drug Delivery Systems methods
Nanovaccines
Immunotherapy methods
Neoplasms immunology
Neoplasms therapy
Neoplasms drug therapy
Nanoparticles administration & dosage
Cancer Vaccines administration & dosage
Cancer Vaccines immunology
Antigens, Neoplasm immunology
Antigens, Neoplasm administration & dosage
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1098-2299
- Volume :
- 85
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Drug development research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39138855
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.22244