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Impact of trauma type on neural mechanisms of threat conditioning and its extinction.
- Source :
-
Journal of psychiatric research [J Psychiatr Res] 2024 Oct; Vol. 178, pp. 50-58. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 30. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Trauma type moderates the impact of trauma exposure on clinical symptomatology; however, the impact of trauma type on the neural correlates of emotion regulation is not as well understood. This study examines how violent and nonviolent trauma differentially influence the neural correlates of conditioned fear and extinction. We aggregated psychophysiological and fMRI data from three studies; we categorized reported trauma as violent or nonviolent, and subdivided violent trauma as sexual or nonsexual. We examined skin conductance responses (SCR) during a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. For fMRI data analyses, we conducted region-specific and whole-brain analyses. We examined associations between beta weights from specific brain regions and CAPS scores. The group exposed to violent trauma showed significantly higher SCR during extinction recall. Those exposed to nonviolent trauma showed significantly higher functional activation during late extinction learning. The group exposed to violent trauma showed higher functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and frontoparietal control network. For secondary analyses of sexual vs nonsexual trauma, we did not observe any between-group differences in SCR. During late extinction learning, the group exposed to sexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the prefrontal cortex and precuneus. During extinction recall, the group exposed to nonsexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the insular cortex. Violent trauma significantly impacts functional brain activations and connectivity in brain areas important for perception and attention with no significant impact on brain areas that modulate emotion regulation. Sexual trauma impacts brain areas important for internal perception.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None.<br /> (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Male
Female
Adult
Young Adult
Default Mode Network physiopathology
Default Mode Network diagnostic imaging
Exposure to Violence
Sex Offenses
Adolescent
Brain physiopathology
Brain diagnostic imaging
Nerve Net diagnostic imaging
Nerve Net physiopathology
Extinction, Psychological physiology
Fear physiology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Galvanic Skin Response physiology
Conditioning, Classical physiology
Psychological Trauma physiopathology
Psychological Trauma diagnostic imaging
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1379
- Volume :
- 178
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of psychiatric research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39121707
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.039