Green composites for sustainable food packaging: Exploring the influence of lignin-TiO 2 nanoparticles on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate).

Titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) is a common pigment used in food packaging to provide a transparent appearance to plastic packaging materials. In the present study, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) incorporated with lignin-TiO ₂ nanoparticles (L-TiO ₂ ) eco-friendly composite films was prepared by employing an inexpensive melting and hot-pressing technique. The P-L-TiO ₂ composite films have been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The FTIR results and homogeneous, dense SEM images confirm the interaction of L-TiO ₂ with the PBAT matrix. It has also been found that the addition of L-TiO ₂ nanoparticles can increase the crystallinity, tensile strength, and thermal stability of PBAT. The addition of L-TiO ₂ increased the tensile strength and decreased the elongation at break of films. The maximum tensile strength of the film, achieved with 5 wt% L-TiO ₂ , was 47.0 MPa, compared with 24.3 MPa for pure PBAT film. The composite film with 5 wt% L-TiO ₂ has outstanding oxygen and water vapor barrier properties. As the content of lignin-TiO ₂ increases, the antimicrobial activity of the composite films also increases; the percentage of growth of all the tested bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is significantly reduced. Strawberries were packed to evaluate the suitability of produced composite films as packaging materials, as they effectively preserved pigments from accumulation and extended the shelf-life as compared to commercial polyethylene packaging film.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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