Wildfires impact on PM 2.5 concentration in galicia Spain.

Wildfire intensity and severity have been increasing in the Iberian Peninsula in recent years, particularly in the Galicia region, due to rising temperatures and accumulating drier combustible vegetation in unmanaged lands. This leads to substantial emissions of air pollutants, notably fine particles (PM _2.5 ), posing a risk to public health. This study aims to assess the impact of local and regional wildfires on PM _2.5 levels in Galicia's main cities and their implications for air quality and public health. Over a decade (2013-2022), PM _2.5 data during wildfire seasons were analyzed using statistical methods and Lagrangian tracking to monitor smoke plume evolution. The results reveal a notable increase in PM _2.5 concentration during the wildfire season (June-November) in Galicia, surpassing health guidelines during extreme events and posing a significant health risk to the population. Regional wildfire analyses indicate that smoke plumes from Northern Portugal contribute to pollution in Galician cities, influencing the seasonality of heightened PM _2.5 levels. During extensive wildfires, elevated PM _2.5 concentration values persisted for several days, potentially exacerbating health concerns in Galicia. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing air pollution prevention and management measures in the region, including developing effective alerts for large-scale events and improved wildfire management strategies to mitigate their impact on air quality in Galician cities.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Cesar Quishpe-Vasquez reports financial support was provided by University of Alcala. Patricia Oliva reports financial support was provided by Community of Madrid. Alejandro Casallas reports financial support was provided by European Union. Ellie Anne Lopez-Barrera reports financial support was provided by Sergio Arboleda University. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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