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Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana'a, Yemen.

Authors :
Gunaid AA
Ogle GD
Al-Qadasi FA
Al-Radaei AN
Maniam J
El-Shoubaki HR
Source :
BMJ paediatrics open [BMJ Paediatr Open] 2024 Aug 03; Vol. 8 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 03.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Introduction: There is little published information on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in Yemen. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of T1D among children and adolescents in a diabetes centre in Sana'a, Yemen.<br />Methods: A total of 485 children and adolescents aged ≤18 years diagnosed with T1D during the period 2010-2020 were included in the study. The variables investigated were demographic and clinical characteristics, biomarkers, subtypes of T1D, and the risk factors for severe DKA at diagnosis.<br />Results: At diagnosis, children aged <10 years compared with those aged ≥10 years had higher mean plasma glucose (p<0.001) and mean HbA1c (p=0.026), and lower mean C-peptide (pmol/L) (p=0.019), and a higher frequency of DKA at diagnosis than older children (p<0.001). A majority of the study population (383, 79%) presented in DKA . Children aged <10 years presenting with DKA had significantly longer median appraisal interval (p=0.009) and median total diagnosis interval (p=0.025), and significantly lower mean C-peptide (p=0.001) as compared with their peers without DKA. The prevalence of autoantibody-negative 'idiopathic' T1D was 36 (32%) of the total number tested for autoantibody and familial T1D 61 (12.6%) of all the study population.<br />Conclusion: In Yemen children aged <10 years with new-onset T1D frequently faced the challenge of a delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation, with severe hyperglycaemia and a higher risk of DKA at diagnosis.<br />Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2399-9772
Volume :
8
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
BMJ paediatrics open
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
39097331
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002680