The Role of the Microbiome in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases.

Numerous studies have examined the role of the microbiome and microbiome-based therapeutics in many childhood airway and lung diseases. In this narrative review, the authors first give a brief overview of the current methods used in microbiome research. The authors then review the literature linking the microbiome with (1) early-life acute respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus, (2) childhood asthma onset, (3) cystic fibrosis, and (4) bronchopulmonary dysplasia, focusing on recent studies that have used culture-independent methods to characterize the respiratory or gut microbiome in the pediatric population.
Competing Interests: Disclosure Dr E.T. Zemanick reports grants and personal consulting fees from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Unites States and Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Unites States. Dr C. Rosas-Salazar reports grants from the NIH, Unites States/NHLBI, Unites States, NIH/OD, and NIH/NHLBI, as well as an ongoing consultant service from Amgen, Unites States and AstraZeneca, United Kingdom.
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