Back to Search
Start Over
Cytokine Dynamics and Herpesvirus Interactions in Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Distinct Behavior of HCMV, HHV6, HHV7 and EBV.
- Source :
-
Viruses [Viruses] 2024 Jul 02; Vol. 16 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 02. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face a challenging balance between immunosuppression and graft rejection. While Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are known contributors to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and graft rejection, respectively, the roles of herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7) and the impact of these herpesviruses on cytokine levels remain unclear, leading to gaps in clinical practice. In this associative study, we measured 17 cytokines using a Bio-Plex assay in a meticulously curated plasma sample pool (N = 158) from pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients over a one-year follow-up period. The samples included virus-negative and virus-positive cases, either individually or in combination, along with episodes of graft rejection. We observed that the elevation of IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 correlated with graft rejection. These cytokines were elevated in samples where HCMV or HHV6 were detected alone or where EBV and HHV7 were co-detected. Interestingly, latent EBV, when detected independently, exhibited an immunomodulatory effect by downregulating cytokine levels. However, in co-detection scenarios with β-herpesviruses, EBV transitioned to a lytic state, also associating with heightened cytokinemia and graft rejection. These findings highlight the complex interactions between the immune response and herpesviruses in transplant recipients. The study advocates for enhanced monitoring of not only EBV and HCMV but also HHV6 and HHV7, providing valuable insights for improved risk assessment and targeted interventions in pediatric SOT recipients.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Child
Male
Female
Child, Preschool
Herpesvirus 4, Human immunology
Adolescent
Infant
Herpesviridae Infections virology
Herpesviridae Infections immunology
Transplant Recipients
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections virology
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections immunology
Cytomegalovirus Infections virology
Cytomegalovirus Infections immunology
Herpesviridae
Kidney Transplantation adverse effects
Cytokines blood
Cytokines metabolism
Herpesvirus 6, Human immunology
Herpesvirus 7, Human
Liver Transplantation adverse effects
Cytomegalovirus immunology
Graft Rejection virology
Graft Rejection immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1999-4915
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39066229
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071067