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Immunoneuroendocrine, Stress, Metabolic, and Behavioural Responses in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2024 Jul 10; Vol. 16 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 10. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions, and even though its effects are well-documented, studying the interactions among all influencing factors is crucial for a better understanding of its physiopathology. In a high-fat-diet-induced obesity animal model using C57BL/6J mice, behavioural responses were assessed through a battery of tests, while stress biomarkers and systemic inflammatory cytokines were measured using an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay and a Bio-Plex Multiplex System. The peritoneal macrophage microbicide capacity was analysed via flow cytometry, and crown-like structures (CLSs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) were evaluated through staining techniques. Results indicated that obese mice exhibited increased body weight, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia after 18 weeks on a high-fat diet, as well as worse physical conditions, poorer coordination and balance, and anxiety-like behaviour. Differences in corticosterone and noradrenaline concentrations were also found in obese animals, revealing a stress response and noradrenergic dysregulation, along with a weakened innate immune response characterized by a lower microbicide capacity, and the presence of an underlying inflammation evidenced by more CLSs in WAT. Altogether, these findings indicate that obesity deteriorates the entire stress, inflammatory, metabolic, sensorimotor and anxiety-like behavioural axis. This demonstrates that jointly evaluating all these aspects allows for a deeper and better exploration of this disease and its associated comorbidities, emphasizing the need for individualized and context-specific strategies for its management.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Male
Mice
Cytokines metabolism
Cytokines blood
Adipose Tissue, White metabolism
Inflammation
Stress, Physiological
Macrophages, Peritoneal metabolism
Macrophages, Peritoneal immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Norepinephrine blood
Norepinephrine metabolism
Anxiety etiology
Hyperglycemia
Diet, High-Fat adverse effects
Obesity metabolism
Obesity psychology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Behavior, Animal
Corticosterone blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 14
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39064652
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142209