Systematic study of microzooplankton in mass culture of the green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus and quantitative assessment of its impact on biomass productivity throughout a year.

The green microalgae Scenedesmus spp. can grow rapidly and produce significant amounts of protein or lipid. However, frequent microzooplankton contamination leading to reduced biomass productivity has hindered the microalgae commercialization. Here, a comprehensive investigation into harmful microzooplankton species in mass cultures of a commercially promising species Scenedesmus acuminatus were conducted throughout the year. Twenty-five microzooplankton species were identified, with the amoeba Vannella sp. and the ciliate Vorticella convallaria being the most harmful to algal cells. The results indicated that it was the harmful grazers, rather than the overall microzooplankton diversity, led to culture deterioration and reduced biomass yield. Increasing the concentration of algal inoculants or reducing culture temperature during hot summer days were found to be effective in mitigating the impact of these harmful grazers. The findings will contribute to the best management protocol for monitoring and controlling the harmful microzooplankton in mass cultures of S. acuminatus.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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