Leveraging segmentation-guided spatial feature embedding for overall survival prediction in glioblastoma with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging.

Background and Objective: Patients with glioblastoma have a five-year relative survival rate of less than 5 %. Thus, accurately predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with glioblastoma is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Methods: To fully leverage the imaging characteristics of glioblastomas, we propose a segmentation-guided regression method for predicting OS of patients with brain tumors using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, a brain tumor segmentation network was first pre-trained without leveraging survival information. Subsequently, the survival regression network was jointly trained with the guidance of brain tumor segmentation, focusing on tumor voxels and suppressing irrelevant backgrounds.
Results: Our proposed framework, based on the well-known backbone of UNETR++, achieved a Dice score of 0.7910, Spearman correlation of 0.4112, and Harrell's concordance index of 0.6488. The model consistently showed promising results compared with baseline methods on two different datasets (BraTS and UCSF-PDGM). Furthermore, ablation studies on our training configurations demonstrated that both the pre-training segmentation network and contrastive loss significantly improved all metrics for OS prediction.
Conclusions: In this study, we propose a joint learning framework based on a pre-trained segmentation backbone for OS prediction by leveraging a brain tumor segmentation map. By utilizing a spatial feature map, our model can operate using a sliding-window approach, which can be adopted by varying the matrix sizes and resolutions of the input images.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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