Activity, triage levels and impact of the pandemic on hospital emergency departments: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Aim: Describe the activity of hospital emergency departments (EDs) and the sociodemographic profile of patients in the eight public hospitals in Spain, according to the different triage levels, and to analyse the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on patient flow.
Design: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out.
Methods: Three high-tech public hospitals and five low-tech hospitals consecutively included 2,332,654 adult patients seen in hospital EDs from January 2018 to December 2021. Hospitals belonging to the Catalan Institute of Health. The main variable was triage level, classified according to a standard for the Spanish structured triage system known as Sistema Español de Triaje. For each of the five triage levels, a negative binomial regression model adjusted for year and hospital was performed. The analysis was performed with the R 4.2.2 software.
Results: The mean age was 55.4 years. 51.4% were women. The distribution of patients according to the five triage levels was: level 1, 0.41% (n = 9565); level 2, 6.10% (n = 142,187); level 3, 40.2% (n = 938,203); level 4, 42.6% (n = 994,281); level 5, 10.6% (n = 248,418). The sociodemographic profile was similar in terms of gender and age: as the level of severity decreased, the number of women, mostly young, increased. In the period 2020-2021, the emergency rate increased for levels 1, 2 and 3, but levels 4 and 5 remained stable.
Conclusion: More than half of the patients attended in high-technology hospital EDs were of low severity. The profile of these patients was that of a young, middle-aged population, mostly female. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic did not change this pattern, but an increase in the level of severity was observed.
Impact: What problem did the study address? There is overcrowding in hospital EDs. What were the main findings? This study found that more than half of the patients attended in high-technology hospital EDs in Spain have low or very low levels of severity. Young, middle-aged women were more likely to visit EDs with low levels of severity. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic did not change this pattern, but an increase in severity was observed. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The research will have an impact on the functioning of hospital EDs and their staff.
Patient or Public Contribution: Not applicable.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)