Practical techniques for safely removing long-term implanted ventricular catheters to minimize bleeding.

Introduction: Removing ventricular catheters, particularly those implanted for extended periods, poses significant challenges for neurosurgeons due to potential complications such as bleeding from adhesions to the ependyma or choroid plexus.
Objective: This study aimed to review various techniques for safely removing ventricular catheters, emphasizing methods that minimize the risk of hemorrhagic complications.
Methods: A comprehensive narrative review focused on techniques developed and documented in the literature for safely detaching ventricular catheters adhered to brain structures.
Results: Various techniques have been identified that enhance the safety of catheter removal. Notably, the use of monopolar diathermy to coagulate and release adhesions has proven effective. Innovations such as insulated suction devices and the strategic use of flexible endoscopes have also contributed to safer removal procedures, minimizing the risk of damaging surrounding cerebral tissue and preventing catastrophic hemorrhage.
Conclusion: The removal of ventricular catheters, especially those with long-term implantation, requires precise and cautious techniques to avoid severe complications. The study underscores the importance of adopting advanced surgical techniques and the continuous evolution of safer practices in neurosurgery. These methods not only ensure patient safety but also facilitate the handling of potentially complex and life-threatening situations during catheter removal.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)