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Unmutated RRAS2 emerges as a key oncogene in post-partum-associated triple negative breast cancer.
- Source :
-
Molecular cancer [Mol Cancer] 2024 Jul 10; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 142. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 10. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with triple negative BC (TNBC) accounting for 20% of cases. While early detection and targeted therapies have improved overall life expectancy, TNBC remains resistant to current treatments. Although parity reduces the lifetime risk of developing BC, pregnancy increases the risk of developing TNBC for years after childbirth. Although numerous gene mutations have been associated with BC, no single gene alteration has been identified as a universal driver. RRAS2 is a RAS-related GTPase rarely found mutated in cancer.<br />Methods: Conditional knock-in mice were generated to overexpress wild type human RRAS2 in mammary epithelial cells. A human sample cohort was analyzed by RT-qPCR to measure RRAS2 transcriptional expression and to determine the frequency of both a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs8570) in the 3'UTR region of RRAS2 and of genomic DNA amplification in tumoral and non-tumoral human BC samples.<br />Results: Here we show that overexpression of wild-type RRAS2 in mice is sufficient to develop TNBC in 100% of females in a pregnancy-dependent manner. In human BC, wild-type RRAS2 is overexpressed in 68% of tumors across grade, location, and molecular type, surpassing the prevalence of any previously implicated alteration. Still, RRAS2 overexpression is notably higher and more frequent in TNBC and young parous patients. The increased prevalence of the alternate C allele at the SNP position in tumor samples, along with frequent RRAS2 gene amplification in both tumors and blood of BC patients, suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between RRAS2 overexpression and breast cancer.<br />Conclusions: Higher than normal expression of RRAS2 not bearing activating mutations is a key driver in the majority of breast cancers, especially those of the triple-negative type and those linked to pregnancy.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Female
Animals
Humans
Mice
Pregnancy
Oncogenes
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Postpartum Period genetics
Mutation
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Gene Knock-In Techniques
ras Proteins genetics
ras Proteins metabolism
Mice, Transgenic
Disease Models, Animal
Membrane Proteins
Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms genetics
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1476-4598
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular cancer
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38987766
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02054-3