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Magnesium alleviates growth inhibition under low potassium by enhancing photosynthesis and carbon-nitrogen metabolism in apple plants.
- Source :
-
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB [Plant Physiol Biochem] 2024 Sep; Vol. 214, pp. 108875. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 02. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) play analogous roles in regulating plant photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen (C-N) metabolism. Based on this consensus, we hypothesize that appropriate Mg supplementation may alleviate growth inhibition under low K stress. We monitored morphological, physiological, and molecular changes in G935 apple plants under different K (0.1 and 6 mmol L <superscript>-1</superscript> ) and Mg supply (3 and 6 mmol L <superscript>-1</superscript> ) conditions. Low K stress caused changes in root and leaf structure, inhibited photosynthesis, and limited the root growth of the apple rootstock. Further study on Mg supplementation showed that it could promote the uptake of K <superscript>+</superscript> and NO <subscript>3</subscript> <superscript>-</superscript> by upregulating the expression of K <superscript>+</superscript> transporter proteins such as Arabidopsis K <superscript>+</superscript> transporter 1 (MdAKT1), high-affinity K <superscript>+</superscript> transporter 1 (MdHKT1), and potassium transporter 5 (MdPT5) and nitrate transporters such as nitrate transporter 1.1/1.2/2.1/2.4 (MdNRT 1.1/1.2/2.1/2.4). Mg promoted the translocation of <superscript>15</superscript> N from roots to leaves and enhanced photosynthetic N utilization efficiency (PNUE) by increasing the proportion of photosynthetic N and alleviating photosynthetic restrictions. Furthermore, Mg supplementation improved the synthesis of photosynthates by enhancing the activities of sugar-metabolizing enzymes (Rubisco, SS, SPS, S6PDH). Mg also facilitated the transport of sucrose and sorbitol from leaves to roots by upregulating the expression of sucrose transporter 1.1/1.2/4.1/4.2 (MdSUT 1.1/1.2/4.1/4.2) and sorbitol transporter 1.1/1.2 (MdSOT 1.1/1.2). Overall, Mg effectively alleviated growth inhibition in apple rootstock plants under low K stress by facilitating the uptake of N and K uptake, optimizing nitrogen partitioning, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and PNUE, and promoting the photosynthate synthesis and translocation.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Plant Roots metabolism
Plant Roots growth & development
Plant Roots drug effects
Plant Leaves metabolism
Plant Leaves drug effects
Plant Proteins metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects
Malus metabolism
Malus drug effects
Malus growth & development
Nitrogen metabolism
Photosynthesis drug effects
Carbon metabolism
Magnesium metabolism
Potassium metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-2690
- Volume :
- 214
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38972243
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108875