Factors influencing disparities in epilepsy surgery: analysis of the National Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database.

Objective: Despite the proven efficacy of surgical intervention for achieving seizure freedom and improved quality of life for many epilepsy patients, this treatment remains underutilized. In this study, the authors assessed sociodemographic trends in epilepsy surgery in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) and sought to determine whether disparities in surgical intervention for epilepsy may be attributed to insurance and comorbidity status.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the NIS database and KID from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project between the years 2012 and 2018. Outcomes of interest were rates of neurosurgical intervention, including resection, neuromodulation, or laser ablation. The authors utilized logit regression models to test the association between rates of neurosurgical intervention and the variables of interest and calculated the adjusted mean proportion of patients who received surgery using marginal effects.
Results: Of 336,015 admissions with intractable epilepsy in the NIS, 6.1% were patients who underwent neurosurgical treatment. Of 39,655 admissions from KID, 5.0% received surgical treatment. Private insurance was associated with a greater odds of surgical intervention compared with Medicaid (NIS: OR 1.63, KID: OR 1.62; p < 0.001). Patients assigned White race had an increased odds ratio of undergoing surgery when compared with those assigned Black race, adjusted for comorbidity burden (NIS: OR 1.59, p < 0.001; KID: OR 1.44, p = 0.027). Patients with an Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score of 0 or 1 were associated with a lower likelihood of surgery when compared to their higher scoring counterparts who had 4 or more comorbidities (NIS: OR 0.74, KID: OR 0.62; both p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that marginalized patients and those with Medicaid had decreased odds of neurosurgical intervention for epilepsy. Results of this research support the need for increased attention toward epilepsy patients from marginalized groups. Further investigation into the root cause of socioeconomic inequities in epilepsy surgery is necessary.