Imaging Fetal Spine Malformations in the Context of In Utero Surgery.

This review covers the embryology, definition, and diagnosis of open spinal dysraphism with a focus on fetal ultrasound and MR imaging findings. Differentiating open versus closed spinal dysraphic defects on fetal imaging will also be discussed. Current fetal surgery practices and imaging findings in the context of fetal surgery are also reviewed.
Competing Interests: Disclosure Elsevier Inc., Author with Royalties (Usha Nagaraj).
(Published by Elsevier Inc.)