A collectanea of food insulinaemic index: 2023.

Background and Aims: To systematically update and publish the lnsulinaemic Index (II) value compilation of food/beverages.
Methods: A literature search identified around 400 scholarly articles published between inception and December 2023. II values were pooled according to the selection criteria of at least 10 healthy, non-diabetic subjects with normal BMI. In addition, the II reported should have been derived from incremental area under the curve (iAUC) calculation of the insulin concentration over time. The reference food used from the pooled articles were either glucose or bread.
Results: The II of 629 food/beverage items were found from 80 distinct articles. This is almost a five-fold increase in the number of entries from a previous compilation in 2011. Furthermore, these articles originated from 32 different countries, and were cleaved into 25 food categories. The II values ranged from 1 to 209. The highest overall recorded II was for a soy milk-based infant formula while the lowest was for both acacia fibre and gin. Upon clustering to single food, the infant formula retained the highest II while both acacia fibre and gin maintained the lowest recording. As for mixed meal, a potato dish served with a beverage recorded the highest II while a type of taco served with a sweetener, vegetable and fruit had the lowest II. Our minimum and maximum II data values replace the entries reported by previous compilations.
Conclusion: Acknowledging some limitations, these data would facilitate clinical usage of II for various applications in research, clinical nutrition, clinical medicine, diabetology and precision medicine. Future studies concerning II should investigate standardisation of reference food, including glucose and the test food portion. Although this collectanea adds up new food/beverages II values, priority should be given to populate this database.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest BV has received remuneration from the Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) for presenting about Food insulin Index for the “MMA Integrative Medicine Seminar” in August 2023. MMA has no financial nor academic role in shaping and preparing this manuscript. The other authors have no conflict of interest to report.
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)